外部性引起市场失灵的机理与条件分析The mechanism and conditions of market failure caused by externality
武康平;马雨湫;
摘要(Abstract):
外部性一直是经济学界争论的焦点,是经济学中最难琢磨的概念之一.本文通过刻画经济系统和区分消费外部性与生产外部性,然后引入外部影响函数,对外部性的内涵进行界定,对外部性引起市场失灵的作用机理和条件进行分析,取得了两个重要发现:非本质外部性和本质外部性.非本质外部性不影响市场效率,只有本质外部性才会通过影响消费偏好或生产技术来使市场失灵.这两个发现改善了庇古的断言:“如果经济中存在外部性,市场就要失灵”.根据这两个发现,本文进一步通过区分内部替代率和外部替代率,提出了矫正外部性影响的措施建议.
关键词(KeyWords): 本质外部性;市场失灵;外部影响函数
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(72173070)
作者(Authors): 武康平;马雨湫;
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